Orality and literacy: the technologizing of the word

John Hartley: Before Ongism: "To become what we want to be, we have to decide what we were"  Orality & Literacy: The Technologization Of The Word  Introduction  Part 1: The orality of language  1. The literate mind and the oral past  2. Did you say 'oral literature'?  Part 2: The modern discovery of primary oral cultures  1. Early awareness of oral tradition  2. The Homeric question  3. Milman Parry's discovery  4. Consequent and related work  Part 3: Some psychodynamics of orality   1. Sounded word as power and action  2. You know what you can recall: mnemonics and formulas  3. Further characteristics of orally based thought and expression  4. Additive rather than subordinative  5. Aggregative rather than analytic  6. Redundant or 'copious'  7. Conservative or traditionalist  8. Close to the human lifeworld  9. Agonistically toned  10. Empathetic and participatory rather than objectively distanced  11. Homeostatic  12. Situational rather than abstract  13. Oral memorization  14. Verbomotor lifestyle  15. The noetic role of heroic 'heavy' figures and of the bizarre  16. The interiority of sound  17. Orality, community and the sacral  18. Words are not signs  Part 4: Writing restructures consciousness  1. The new world of autonomous discourse  2. Plato, writing and computers  3. Writing is a technology  4. What is 'writing' or 'script'?  5. Many scripts but only one alphabet  6. The onset of literacy  7. From memory to written records  8. Some dynamics of textuality  9. Distance, precision, grapholects and magnavocabularies  10. Interactions: rhetoric and the places  11. Interactions: learned languages  12. Tenaciousness of orality  Part 5: Print, space and closure  1. Hearing-dominance yields to sight-dominance  2. Space and meaning  3. Indexes  4. Books, contents and labels  5. Meaningful surface  6. Typographic space  7. More diffuse effects  8. Print and closure: intertextuality  9. Post-typography: electronics  Part 6: Oral memory, the story line and characterization  1. The primacy of the story line  2. Narrative and oral cultures  3. Oral memory and the story line  4. Closure of plot: travelogue to detective story  5. The 'round' character, writing and print  Part 7: Some theorems  1. Literary history  2. New Criticism and Formalism  3. Structuralism  4. Textualists and deconstructionists  5. Speech-act and reader-response theory  6. Social sciences, philosophy, biblical studies  7. Orality, writing and being human  8. 'Media' versus human communication  9. The inward turn: consciousness and the text  John Hartley: After Ongism: The Evolution of Networked Intelligence