Vortex Electronis and SQUIDs

41uc1gpcluL......Page 1
front-matter......Page 2
Index......Page 0
01......Page 14
Index......Page 18
Introduction......Page 19
Type-II Superconductivity and Vortex......Page 21
Vortex Lattice, Bragg Glass......Page 22
Motion of a Vortex: Flux Flow and Flux Creep......Page 23
Microscopic Electronic Structure of Vortex Core......Page 24
Characteristic Aspects of the Mixed State  of High-Tc Superconductors......Page 25
Vortices in High-Tc Superconductors......Page 26
Equilibrium Phase Diagram......Page 27
Dynamic Phase Diagram of Driven Vortices......Page 29
Recent Development of Theoretical Understanding......Page 30
Brief Look at the Experiments on the Dynamics of Vortices......Page 32
Electronic States of Vortex Cores of High-Tc Superconductor......Page 33
Vortex Dynamics in HTSC Thin Film......Page 36
Thermally Depinning Transition......Page 37
Electric Field vs Current Density Characteristics......Page 40
Scaling Laws of Pinning and Iso-therm Scaling of E--J......Page 42
Summary......Page 47
Direct Flux Detection Method......Page 48
Magnetic Flux From a Single Vortex in Slotted YBCO......Page 50
Long-distance Vortex Motion  in Wide Grain Boundary Junction......Page 52
Suppression of Long-distance Vortex Motion  in Grain Boundary Junctions......Page 54
1/f Behavior of the Flux Noise  of Slotted Grain Boundary Junctions......Page 56
Flux Noise of Directly Coupled SQUID Magnetometers......Page 58
References......Page 59
Index......Page 66
Introduction......Page 69
Experimental Procedure......Page 72
YBCO Single Crystal......Page 73
BSCCO Single Crystal......Page 75
Bi-2223 Silver Sheath Tape......Page 77
Penetration of Vortices into the Sample......Page 78
Vortex Movements under Application  of a Transport Current......Page 79
Scanning SQUID Observation......Page 81
SSM System and Observation Technique......Page 82
Flux Expulsion in Narrow High-Tc Thin Film Patterns......Page 84
Flux Trapping in High-Tc Thin Film Patterns with Moats......Page 86
Flux Trapping in High-Tc Films  with a Bicrystal Grain Boundary......Page 90
Observation of Multilayered Electronic Devices......Page 91
Magneto-Optical Imaging......Page 93
Faraday Effect......Page 94
Magneto-optically Active Materials......Page 95
Iron Garnets......Page 96
Resolution in Magneto-optical Images Using Garnets......Page 97
Experimental Set-up......Page 98
Dynamic Observations of Magnetic Flux......Page 100
Differential Magneto-Optical Technique......Page 101
Summary......Page 104
Terahertz Radiation Imaging......Page 105
THz Radiaton Imaging System......Page 106
Vortex Penetration Due to Transport Supercurrent......Page 109
Vortex Entry at Weak Magnetic Field......Page 110
Vortex Penetration Due to a Strong Magnetic Field......Page 111
Temperature Dependence of the Trapped-Vortex Behavior......Page 112
Summary......Page 115
References......Page 116
Index......Page 120
Introduction......Page 123
Electrostatics and Charge Distribution  in the Vortex State of Type-II Superconductors......Page 124
Vortex Charge......Page 125
Nuclear Quadrupole Frequency......Page 127
Experiment......Page 129
Charge Profile in Vortices......Page 130
Sign and Magnitude of the Vortex Charge......Page 131
Vortex Hall Effect......Page 132
Time Dependent Ginzburg--Landau Theory......Page 133
Vortices in Intrinsic Josephson Junctions......Page 136
Basic Model for a Stack of Josephson Junctions......Page 138
Basic Properties of Intrinsic Josephson Junctions......Page 140
Properties of Vortices in Intrinsic Josephson Junctions......Page 142
Behavior of Vortices in Stacks of Josephson Junctions......Page 145
Summary......Page 146
Idea for Optical Vortex Generation......Page 147
Optical Vortex Generation with Optical Pulses......Page 150
Single Shot Pulse Operation......Page 153
Summary......Page 155
References......Page 156
Index......Page 160
Introduction......Page 162
Transport Properties......Page 163
Noise Rounding and Excess Current......Page 166
1/f Noise......Page 167
Dependence of SQUID Performance on Junction Parameters......Page 168
SQUID Inductance......Page 171
Pickup Coil and Coupling Circuit......Page 173
Thermal Activation in the Flux Dam......Page 175
Switch for Opening and Closing the Pickup Coil......Page 178
Input Equivalent Noise......Page 180
Bias-Reversal Schemes......Page 181
Readout Electronics......Page 185
Noise Reduction in HTSC-SQUIDs......Page 186
Direct-Coupled Magnetometers......Page 187
Effects of Slots and Holes on the Reduction of Low frequency Noise......Page 188
Flux Penetration......Page 190
Grain Boundary Junction Flux Dam......Page 192
Critical Current of the Flux Dam......Page 193
Parallel Junction Flux Dam......Page 196
Development of SQUIDs for Microscopes......Page 198
References......Page 203
Index......Page 206
Introduction......Page 208
SQUID Kit......Page 210
High Frequency Response......Page 213
Automatic Tuning......Page 214
Commercialization of SQUID......Page 216
Challenge to Shield-Less HTSC-SQUID Magnetocardiography......Page 217
Open-SQIUD Magnetocardiography Equipment......Page 218
Adaptive Noise Canceling Process......Page 221
The Concept of Adaptive Noise Canceling......Page 223
Active Noise Control System for DC Fluctuations......Page 224
Summary......Page 227
Measurement Principle......Page 228
Measurement System......Page 229
Experimental Results......Page 233
Monitoring Environmental Magnetic Field Related to Earthquakes......Page 237
ULF Variation as a Precursory Phenomenon  of an Earthquake......Page 238
Requiremente on the Measurement Systemof ULF Radiation......Page 239
SQUID System for ULF Magnetic Field Measurement......Page 241
Field Measurement......Page 243
Laser-SQUID Microscope for LSI Chip Defect Analysis......Page 247
The Laser-SQUID System......Page 248
Basic Demonstration Using 488nm Laser......Page 250
Backside Failure Identification before Bondpad Patterning......Page 251
Defective Chip Identification after Bonding and Packaging......Page 253
Localization from Whole Chip Area to Micrometer Area......Page 254
Conclusions......Page 255
Small-Scale HTSC Digital Applications......Page 256
Sampler Circuit......Page 257
Fabrication Process......Page 258
Current Measurement System......Page 260
Digital Signal Waveform Measurement System......Page 261
Superconducting Sigma-Delta Modulator......Page 263
Implemented HTSC - Modulators......Page 264
An Application of the HTSC ADC......Page 265
References......Page 267
Index......Page 272
Introduction......Page 275
Pulsed Laser Deposition Method for HTSC  and Related Oxide Film Formation......Page 276
Eclipse PLD......Page 277
Aurora PLD......Page 278
Fundamentals of Aurora PLD......Page 280
On the Deposition Rate of Aurora PLD......Page 283
Application of the Eclipse-Aurora PLD Method  to Electronics Devices......Page 284
MOCVD for Thin Film Growth......Page 286
Atomic-Layer MOCVD System......Page 287
Process Monitoring in MOCVD of Oxide Thin Films......Page 288
Precursor Concentration Monitoring by Ultrasonic Cells......Page 289
Initial Growth Monitoring by in-situ Ellipsometry......Page 290
Ga Addition to YBCO Thin Films......Page 293
Fundamental Features of Sputtering......Page 296
Synthesis of High Quality Films  and Large Sized Film Deposition......Page 297
Epitaxial Growth of EuBa2Cu3O7 Films  on R-plane Sapphires......Page 299
Application of Sputter Plasma to Recovery Treatment......Page 302
Summary......Page 304
Preparation of Ultrathin Films  and Superlattices of high-Tc Oxides by MBE......Page 305
RHEED Oscillations......Page 306
Superconductivity of Ultrathin YBCO Films......Page 308
Superconducting Transition of Ultrathin Films  and Superlattices in Magnetic Fields......Page 312
References......Page 315
Index......Page 318