C++ for Computer Science and Engineering

C++ for Computer Science and Engineering 4th\r......Page 1
Table of Contents\r......Page 4
What is a Computer?......Page 14
Designing Solutions  -  the Cycle of Data Processing......Page 17
Building a Program......Page 18
How to Solve a Problem on the Computer......Page 20
The Early Retirement Program......Page 24
The Mechanical Robot Problem......Page 26
The Mechanical Mouse Problem......Page 27
Basic Computer Architecture......Page 29
The C++ Language and the Hello World Program......Page 30
Design Exercises......Page 39
Stop! Do These Exercises Before Programming......Page 40
Programming Problems......Page 44
Integer Versus Floating Point \\(Real\\) Numbers......Page 47
Which Type of Data Do You Use for Which Variable?......Page 48
Definition of Variables......Page 49
Defining More Than One Variable in the Same Statement......Page 51
Initializing Variables and the Assignment Operator......Page 53
Multiple Assignments - Chaining the Assignment Operator......Page 55
Chaining Extraction Operators......Page 56
Always Prompt the User Before Inputting the Data......Page 57
Output of a Variable......Page 58
Insertion of Floating Point Numbers into an Output Stream......Page 60
Labeling Output......Page 62
Math Operators - Calculations......Page 63
Precedence or Priority of Operators......Page 64
Constant Data Objects......Page 65
Math Library Functions......Page 67
Other Math Functions......Page 69
Breaking a Complex Calculation Down into Smaller Portions......Page 70
Cs02a - Ticket Prices for a Concert......Page 73
Engr02a - Pressure Drop in a Fluid Flowing Through a Pipe (Civil Engineering)......Page 77
New Syntax Summary......Page 80
Design Exercises......Page 83
Stop! Do These Exercises Before Programming......Page 84
Programming Problems......Page 88
The Complete Integer Data Types......Page 91
Which Type of Data Do I Use in My Program?......Page 92
How Integer Data Is Stored in Memory......Page 93
Integer Variable Overflow......Page 94
Table 3.2 The Floating Point Data Types......Page 95
Principles of Data Conversion......Page 96
Assigning Smaller Sized Integers to Larger Sized Integers......Page 97
Assigning Larger Sized Integers to Smaller Sized Integer Variables \\(The......Page 98
Calculations Involving Multiple Floating Point Data Types......Page 100
Mixed Mode Math......Page 101
Constants and Data Types......Page 102
The Increment and Decrement Operators......Page 105
The Compound Assignment Operators......Page 106
CS03a - Vote Tally Program......Page 107
Engr03a - Calculating the Power Supplied to a Load (Electrical Engineering)......Page 109
Design Exercises......Page 113
Stop! Do These Exercises Before Programming......Page 114
Programming Problems......Page 116
The If-Then-Else Syntax......Page 120
The Test Condition......Page 122
Nested Decisions......Page 124
Compound Test Conditions......Page 128
The Logical Not Operator Š !......Page 130
The bool Data Type......Page 131
The Most Common Test Condition Blunder Explained......Page 133
The Conditional Expression......Page 134
The Precedence of Operators......Page 135
Testing of Real Numbers......Page 136
Cs04a - Compute the Total Bill By Finding the Sales Tax Rate......Page 138
Engr04a - Quadratic Root Solver......Page 143
New Syntax Summary......Page 147
Design Exercises......Page 148
Stop! Do These Exercises Before Programming......Page 150
Programming Problems......Page 153
Introduction......Page 157
Input Files......Page 158
I/O Stream States......Page 159
Testing for Goodness......Page 160
Testing for Bad Data Entry......Page 161
The End of File......Page 162
Closing a File......Page 163
The Iterative Instructions......Page 164
Loops That Are to Be Executed a Known Number of Times......Page 165
Sentinel Controlled Input Loops......Page 167
Menus as Sentinel Controlled Loops......Page 169
Primed Input Loops that Detect End of File......Page 170
A More Compact Loop That Detects End of File......Page 172
Application: The Summation of a Series......Page 173
Counters and Totals Š Grand Totals......Page 174
Finding the Maximum and Minimum Values......Page 177
Bulletproofing Programs......Page 180
Creating Output Files......Page 181
The Do Until Instruction Š An Alternative to the Do While......Page 185
The Do Loop or for Statement......Page 186
Efficient Loops......Page 190
Nesting of Loops......Page 191
Section B: Computer Science Examples......Page 192
Cs05a - Acme Ticket Sales Summary Program......Page 193
Cs05b - Calculating N! (N factorial)......Page 198
Engr05a - Summation of Infinite Polynomials......Page 201
Engr05b - Artillery Shell Trajectory......Page 205
New Syntax Summary......Page 209
Stop! Do These Exercises Before Programming......Page 212
Programming Problems......Page 219
Introduction......Page 223
Principles of Top-Down Design......Page 224
Writing your own functions......Page 227
Step A. Define the Function™s Prototype......Page 228
Step B. Define the Function Header......Page 230
Step C. Code the Function™s Body.......Page 232
Step D. Invoke or Call the Function......Page 233
A Second Example, calcTax\\(\\)......Page 235
How Parameters Are Passed to Functions......Page 238
The Types, Scope and Storage Classes of Variables......Page 239
Registers and the Stack Š a Bit of Computer Architecture......Page 242
How a Function Returns a Value......Page 243
More on the bool Data Type and Functions that Return a bool......Page 246
Functions that Return No Value......Page 247
Where Should Error Messages Be Displayed?......Page 248
Inputting Integers that have Leading Zeros Š The dec Manipulator......Page 249
Cs06-1 - Employee Payroll Program......Page 251
Introduction to Numerical Analysis......Page 256
Numerical Analysis: Root Solving, the Bisection Method......Page 258
Engr06a - Root Solving, the Bisection Method......Page 261
New Syntax Summary......Page 267
Design Exercises......Page 268
Stop! Do These Exercises Before Programming......Page 269
Programming Problems......Page 273
The Need for Reference Variables......Page 279
The Reference Variable Solution......Page 284
The Static Storage Class......Page 288
The Global/External Storage Class......Page 291
Using Global Variables in Other Cpp Files Š the extern Keyword......Page 294
Where are Global and Static Variables Actually Stored?......Page 295
Philosophy on the Use of Global Variables......Page 296
How to Pass iostreams to Functions......Page 297
Section B: Computer Science Examples......Page 301
Cs07c - Acme Ticket Sales Report Š a Multi-page Report......Page 300
Cs07a - Multiple Level Control Break Processing......Page 306
Cs07b - Summary Reports Based upon Control Break Processing......Page 314
Bisection Revisited Š Writing a Generic Bisection Function......Page 317
Engr07a - Using a Generic bisect() Function......Page 319
Engr07b - Molar Volume of Non-Ideal Gases (Chemical Engineering)......Page 322
Faster Alternative Root Solving Methods......Page 326
Engr07c - Molar Volume of Non-Ideal Gases - Using Regula Falsi......Page 327
Newton™s Method of Root Solving......Page 331
Engr07d - Molar Volume of Non-Ideal Gases - Using Newton™s......Page 333
The Secant Method of Root Solving......Page 338
Engr07e - Molar Volume of Non-Ideal Gases - Using the Secant......Page 339
Summary of Root Solving Techniques......Page 343
Design Exercises......Page 344
Stop! Do These Exercises Before Programming......Page 345
Programming Problems......Page 351
Defining Variables to Hold a Character of Data......Page 358
Using the Extraction Operator to Input a Character......Page 359
Hexadecimal Numbers......Page 360
Using the get() Function......Page 361
Output of Character Data Š the put\\(\\) Function......Page 362
How Are Character Data Stored?......Page 363
The Escape Sequences......Page 365
Numbers and Letters......Page 366
Basic08a - A Word Counter Program......Page 368
The Do Case Structure......Page 372
More on the break Statement and the continue Statement......Page 377
Enumerated Data Types......Page 378
Aborting the Program......Page 384
Cs08a - Inventory on Hand Program......Page 385
Cs08b Š Inventory on Hand Program - Using a Generic......Page 392
The Trapezoid Method of Numerical Integration......Page 398
Engr08a - Numerical Integration with the Trapezoid Rule......Page 401
Integration Using Simpson™s Rule......Page 403
Engr08b - Numerical Integration with Simpson™s Rule......Page 404
Engr08c - Using Menus to Control Program Operation......Page 406
New Syntax Summary......Page 410
Design Exercises......Page 412
Stop! Do These Exercises Before Programming......Page 413
Programming Problems......Page 416
Defining Arrays......Page 421
Accessing Array Elements......Page 422
Method A: Inputting a Known Number of Elements......Page 424
Method B: Inputting the Number of Array Elements To Be Input......Page 425
Method C: Inputting an Unknown Number of Elements Until EOF Is......Page 426
Working with Arrays  - The Calculations......Page 427
Working with arrays: the Output Process......Page 428
Passing Arrays to Functions......Page 429
Cs09a - Sales Data Analysis......Page 436
Section C: Engineering Examples......Page 443
Engr09a  - Vector Coordinate Conversions......Page 444
Engr09b - Plotting Graphs......Page 447
New Syntax Summary......Page 453
Stop! Do These Exercises Before Programming......Page 455
Programming Problems......Page 460
Using an Array for Direct Lookup Operations......Page 465
Parallel Arrays and Sequential Searches Š Inquiry Programs......Page 466
Inserting Another Element into an Unsorted Array......Page 468
Ordered (Sorted) Lists......Page 469
Inserting New Data into a Sorted List......Page 471
Sorting an Array......Page 472
Cs10B - Account Processing using a Menu and Sorted Arrays......Page 474
Cs10A - Merging Arrays......Page 483
Engr10a - Statistical Computations......Page 495
Least Squares Curve Fitting......Page 499
New Syntax Summary......Page 501
Stop! Do These Exercises Before Programming......Page 502
Programming Problems......Page 504
Defining Character Strings......Page 513
Using the Extraction Operator......Page 514
Method A Š All Strings Have the Same Length......Page 516
Method B ΠString Contains Only the Needed Characters, But Is the Last......Page 518
Outputting Character Strings......Page 519
Working with Strings......Page 521
Comparing Strings......Page 522
Copying Strings......Page 523
Concatenating or Joining Two Strings into One Larger String......Page 524
The String Functions......Page 525
Section B: A Computer Science Example......Page 529
Cs11a Š Character String Manipulation - Customer Names......Page 530
Engr11a - Weather Statistics Revisited......Page 539
New Syntax Summary......Page 542
Design Exercises......Page 544
Stop! Do These Exercises Before Programming......Page 545
Programming Problems......Page 547
Defining Multidimensional Arrays......Page 552
Physical Memory Layout Versus Logical Layout......Page 554
Initialization of Multidimensional Arrays......Page 555
Loading a Multidimensional Array from an Input File......Page 556
Working with Multidimensional Arrays......Page 558
Section B: A Computer Science Example......Page 563
Cs12a - Arrays of Strings......Page 564
Matrix Algebra......Page 571
Matrix Math Operations Summary......Page 572
Mathematical Theorems of Determinants......Page 574
The Gauss Method for Solving a System of Linear Equations......Page 575
Gauss-Jordan Method of Solving Simultaneous Linear Equations......Page 577
Engr12a - Aligning the Mirrors of a Telescope (Astronomy)......Page 582
Design Exercises......Page 584
Stop! Do These Exercises Before Programming......Page 585
Programming Problems......Page 588
Defining Structures......Page 595
Creating Instances of a Structure......Page 597
How are Structure Members Accessed?......Page 599
Rules of Use for Structure Variables......Page 600
User-Written Header Files......Page 603
Binary Files and Structures......Page 604
Mechanics of Binary Files......Page 605
Cs13-1 - Credit Card Application with Sorting......Page 607
Cs13-2 - Writing a Binary File......Page 616
Cs13-3 - Reading a Binary File......Page 619
Engr13a - Weather Statistics Revisited......Page 623
Stop! Do These Exercises Before Programming......Page 628
Programming Problems......Page 631
C++ DOS Console Applications......Page 638
Making a New Programming Solution Š......Page 639
Continue to Work on an Existing Program Š Starting Visual Studio......Page 644
Building a New Project in Which the Cpp Files Already Exist......Page 645
Compiling and Running Your Program......Page 646
Getting Source File Printouts......Page 648
Case 2: Using cout and There Are Too Many Lines To Capture With a Screen......Page 649
Case 3: Using an Output File Stream......Page 650
Visual Studio Operational Tips......Page 651
Debug Versus Release Builds......Page 652
A Primer on Using the Debugger......Page 653
C++ DOS Console Applications......Page 660
Making a New Programming Solution......Page 661
Continue to Work on an Existing Program — Starting Visual Studio......Page 665
Building a New Project in Which the Cpp Files Already Exist......Page 666
Compiling and Running Your Program......Page 668
Case 1: The Entire Output Fits on One Screen Without Scrolling......Page 669
Case 2: Using cout and There Are Too Many Lines To Capture With a ScreenShot......Page 670
Visual Studio Operational Tips......Page 671
Debug Versus Release Builds......Page 675
A Primer on Using the Debugger......Page 676
Step 0. Get Organized......Page 683
Step 1: Building the Program Project......Page 685
Step 2. Transporting Programs to and from School Computers......Page 689
Step 4. Compiling the Program......Page 690
Step 6. Where Is the Executable File \\(*.exe\\) Located?......Page 691
Step 7. Running The Program......Page 692
Step 8. Program Debugging and Execution......Page 694
Step 9. The Help System......Page 696
Step 10. Some VC6 Options......Page 697
Step 11. Getting the hardcopy documentation for programs to hand in to your......Page 698
Index......Page 702