Operational amplifiers

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS......Page 2
Preface......Page 3
Contents......Page 4
CHAPTER 1 Operational Amplifiers......Page 6
PROBLEMS......Page 7
2.1 Noninverting Amplifiers......Page 8
2.4 Floating-Input Differential Amplifiers......Page 9
PROBLEMS......Page 10
3.1 Noninverting Feedback Amplifiers......Page 11
3.2 Inverting Feedback Amplifiers......Page 12
3.3 Differential Feedback Amplifiers......Page 13
3.5 Instrumentation Amplifiers......Page 15
PROBLEMS......Page 16
CHAPTER 4 Accuracy of the Amplification......Page 19
4.1 Small Variations in Operational Amplifier Amplification......Page 20
4.2 Small Variations in the Feedback Resistor......Page 21
4.4 Several Sources of Variations......Page 22
PROBLEMS......Page 23
5.1 Lag Networks......Page 25
5.1.1 Frequeocy Response of Lag Networks......Page 26
5.1.2 Transient Response of Lag Networks......Page 27
5.3.1 Frequency Response of Cascaded Lag Networks......Page 28
5.3.2 Transient Response of Cascaded Lag Networks......Page 30
PROBLEMS......Page 33
6.1.1 Frequency Response of Modified Lag Networks......Page 35
6.2.1 Frequency Response of Lead Networks......Page 37
6.3.1 Frequency Response of Voltage Divider Networks......Page 39
6.3.2 Transient Response of Voltage Divider Networks......Page 40
6.4.1 Laplace Transforms for Compouod Lag Networks......Page 41
6.4.2 Frequency Response of Compound Lag Networks......Page 42
6.5 Series RLC Circuits......Page 44
PROBLEMS......Page 46
7.1 The Nyquist Criterion......Page 47
7.2 Lag Networks......Page 49
7.3 Lag Compensation......Page 53
7.4 Lad-Lag Compensation......Page 54
7.6 Phase Margins......Page 55
7.6.1 Two Lag Networks......Page 56
7.6.2 Three Lag Networks......Page 60
PROBLEMS......Page 63
8.1.1 Frequency-Independent Feedback......Page 65
8.1.3 Lag-Lead Compensation......Page 66
8.2.1 Frequency-Independent Feedback......Page 67
8.2.2 Lag-Lead Compensation......Page 68
8.3 Operational Amplifiers with A = Ad,/l(l + j f 1 f ,)(I + j f / j z ) l......Page 73
8.3.1 Frequeocy-Indepeodent Feedback......Page 74
8.3.2 Lead-Lag Compensation......Page 76
8.3.2.1 LEAD-LAG COMPENSATION WITH fL = f2......Page 77
8.3.2.2 LEAD-LAG COMPENSATION WlTH fL fL ffi......Page 78
8.3.2.3 LEAD-LAG COMPENSATION WITH fL < f2......Page 85
8.3.3 Lag-Lead Compensation......Page 86
8.4.2 Transient Response with Frequency-Independent Feedback......Page 89
8.4.3.1 LEAD-LAG COMPENSATION WITH fL = f......Page 91
8.4.3.2 LEAD-LAG COMPENSATION WITH f, > f,......Page 93
8.4.4 Transient Response with Lag-Lead Compensation......Page 96
8.5 Inverting Feedback Amplifiers......Page 97
PROBLEMS......Page 98
9.1 Common-Mode Amplification and Common-Mode Rejection......Page 104
9.2 Input Impedances......Page 107
9.3 Output Impedance......Page 108
9.4 Supply-Voltage Rejection......Page 109
10.1 Input Currents......Page 110
10.2 Input Offset Voltage......Page 111
10.3 Limitations and Ratings......Page 112
10.5 Noise......Page 113
PROBLEMS......Page 114
11.1 Current Source Inputs......Page 115
11.1.2 Transient Response and Frequency Response......Page 116
11.2 Adder Circuits......Page 117
11.3 Integrator Circuits......Page 118
11.3.1 Integration......Page 120
11.3.2 Response at High Frequencies and Short Times......Page 122
11.3.3 The Overall Response......Page 123
11.4 Differentiator Circuits......Page 124
11.5 Nonlinear Circuits......Page 125
PROBLEMS......Page 126
12.1 Input Stages......Page 128
12.2 Current Mirrors......Page 129
PROBLEMS......Page 132
A.2 Cubic Equations......Page 133
A.3 Laplace Transform Pairs......Page 134
B.l Proof of Equations 6.31a-e......Page 135
APPENDIX C Properties of Operational Amplifiers Used in the Examples and Problems......Page 139
Answers to Selected Problems......Page 140
Index......Page 141