Encyclopedia of Chemical Biology

Cover......Page 1
Wiley Encyclopedia of Chemical Biology......Page 2
Contents: Articles by Topic......Page 4
Contents: Articles by Title A – Z......Page 10
Biocompatibility of Materials Used in Medical Devices, Methods For Evaluating\r......Page 16
Controlled Drug Delivery: Pharmacokinetic Considerations, Methods and Systems\r......Page 24
Directed Evolution, Novel and Improved Enzymes through\r......Page 34
Anxiety Disorders: Macromolecular Pathways and Interactions\r......Page 44
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Inflammatory Mechanisms of\r......Page 59
Depression, Chemical Mechanisms of\r......Page 70
Hemozoin: A Paradigm for Biominerals in Disease\r......Page 83
Hypoxic Response and Associated Diseases\r......Page 94
Lysosomal Disorders\r......Page 109
Metabolic Diseases, Biological Mechanisms of\r......Page 120
Mitochondrial Medicine, Biochemical Evaluation of Mitochondrial Function\r......Page 133
Protein Misfolding and Disease, Chemical Biology of\r......Page 141
Protein Trafficking Diseases, Small Molecule Approaches to\r......Page 154
Saliva in Health and Disease, Chemical Biology of\r......Page 163
Schizophrenia, Biological Mechanisms of\r......Page 172
Systems Approach to Studying Disease\r......Page 182
ADME Properties of Drugs......Page 190
Allergy and Asthma, Small Molecules to Target\r......Page 197
Lead Optimization in Drug Discovery\r......Page 205
Metals in Medicine, Imaging Agents\r......Page 214
Natural Products as Anticancer Agents\r......Page 223
Pharmaceutical Industry, Biocatalysts and Chemocatalysts\r......Page 235
Plant-Derived Natural Products Research, Recent Progress in Drug Discovery Based on\r......Page 250
Platinum Anticancer Drugs, Chemical Biology of\r......Page 272
Programmed Cell Death as a Therapeutic Approach\r......Page 282
RNA Interference to Treat Human Diseases, Applications of\r......Page 290
Transcription-Based Therapeutics\r......Page 301
Chemistry of Neoglycoproteins\r......Page 311
Glycan Biosynthesis in Mammals\r......Page 321
Glycosphingolipids, Chemistry of\r......Page 337
Starch Biosynthesis In Plants\r......Page 357
Chemistry of Lipid Domains\r......Page 372
Essential Fatty Acids, Physiologic and Clinical Significance of\r......Page 377
Lipid Bilayers, Properties of\r......Page 396
Lipids, Chemical Diversity of\r......Page 411
Lipids, Organization and Aggregation of\r......Page 425
Lipids, Phase Transitions of\r......Page 438
Alkaloid Biosynthesis\r......Page 453
Chlorophylls and Carotenoids, Chemistry of\r......Page 469
Cofactor Biosynthesis\r......Page 480
Lantibiotics, Biosynthesis and Mode of Action\r......Page 495
Marine Natural Products, Chemical Diversity of\r......Page 504
Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway for the Formation of Isoprene Units\r......Page 526
Natural Products: An Overview\r......Page 534
Natural Products in Plants, Chemical Diversity of\r......Page 543
Pharmaceuticals: Natural Products and Natural Product Models\r......Page 560
Polyketide Biosynthesis, Fungi\r......Page 580
Polyketide Biosynthesis, Modular Polyketide Synthases\r......Page 591
Polyketide Biosynthesis, Polyethers\r......Page 605
Terpenoids in Plant Signaling, Chemical Ecology\r......Page 617
Terpenoids in Plants\r......Page 625
The Biology and Biochemistry of Steroid Hormones\r......Page 635
Catalytic Modes in Natural Ribozymes\r......Page 651
Chemical Damage to Nucleic Acids\r......Page 662
DNA Transposition: Topics in Chemical Biology\r......Page 676
Group II Introns: Structure, Function, and Catalysis\r......Page 684
Noncoding RNAs\r......Page 692
RNA Stability, Chemistry, Measurement and Modulation of\r......Page 703
Watson-Crick Base Pairs, Character and Recognition of\r......Page 716
Approaches to Enzyme Inhibition\r......Page 727
B12-Dependent Enzyme Reactions, Chemistry of\r......Page 746
Biosynthesis of Nonribosomal Peptides\r......Page 755
Chemical Properties of Amino Acids\r......Page 764
Chemical Strategies for Enzyme Catalysis......Page 775
Chemistry of CoA-Dependent Enzymes......Page 786
Collagen Triple Helix, Stability of......Page 795
Enzyme Kinetics......Page 806
Flavin-Mediated Hydroxylation Reactions......Page 814
Flavoenzymes, Chemistry of......Page 824
Membrane Proteins, Properties of......Page 835
NAD(P) Dependent Dehydrogenases......Page 845
Naturally Occurring Peptide Hormones and Neurotransmitters, Synthesis of......Page 855
Oxygen-Activating Enzymes, Chemistry of......Page 885
PLP-Dependent Enzymes, Chemistry of......Page 897
Proteins: Computational Analysis of Structure, Function, and Stability......Page 903
Proteins, Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity of......Page 911
The Chemistry of Metallo-Enzymes and Metallo-Proteins......Page 927
Transient State Enzyme Kinetics......Page 935
Electron Transfer, Chemical Roles of Water in\r......Page 944
Hydration Forces\r......Page 953
Nucleic Acids, Hydration of\r......Page 962
Roles of Water in Biological Recognition Processes\r......Page 970
Water, Properties of\r......Page 978
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Topics in Chemical Biology\r......Page 987
Cellular Organization of Metabolism\r......Page 995
Cellular Membranes, Dynamics of\r......Page 1003
Membrane Compartments Related to Signaling and Trafficking in Immune Cells\r......Page 1013
Membranes, Fluidity of\r......Page 1024
Microtubule Dynamics\r......Page 1038
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis\r......Page 1046
Inorganic Chemistry in Biology\r......Page 1059
Nature: A Model System for Chemists\r......Page 1068
Physical Chemistry in Biology\r......Page 1076
Cell Cycle, Regulation of......Page 1083
Cell Death, Biological Mechanisms and Small Molecule Inhibitors of......Page 1096
Cell Division, Small Molecules to Study......Page 1114
Chromosome Formation......Page 1125
Chemistry of DNA Damage Repair......Page 1131
Sensing of DNA Damage......Page 1142
Bacterial DNA polymerases, Chemistry of......Page 1149
DNA Helicases, Chemistry and Mechanisms of......Page 1160
Nonhomologous Recombination......Page 1171
Ca2+-ATPase/Ca2+ Pump, Chemistry of......Page 1180
Chemistry of Bacteriorhodopsin......Page 1187
Drug Transport in Living Systems......Page 1192
Ion Channels in Medicine......Page 1202
Mechanosensitive Channels......Page 1212
Passive Diffusion Across Membranes......Page 1219
Chemistry of Lipid Homeostasis......Page 1229
Electron Transfer Chemistry in Photosynthesis......Page 1238
Metabolomics: Topics in Chemical Biology......Page 1245
Pentose Phosphate Pathway: An Overview......Page 1255
Systems Approach to Metabolism......Page 1267
Xenobiotic Metabolism......Page 1275
Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases, Chemistry of......Page 1286
Hemes in Biology......Page 1293
Human Hemoglobin: Identification of a Key Intermediate......Page 1303
Metal Homeostasis......Page 1311
Metalloregulatory Proteins......Page 1321
Carbohydrate-Carbohydrate Interactions......Page 1331
Molecular Recognition, Computation and Modeling of......Page 1338
Receptor-Ligand Interactions in Biological Systems......Page 1348
Neuropeptides, Chemical Activity Profiling and Proteomic Approaches for......Page 1362
Neurotransmission, Measuring Chemical Events in......Page 1374
Neurotransmitter: Release......Page 1386
Iron-Sulfur World, Origin of life in an......Page 1398
Origins of Life: Emergence of Amino Acids......Page 1406
Origins of Life: Emergence of the RNA World......Page 1413
Chemistry of AdoMet-Dependent Methyltransferases......Page 1425
Chemistry of Fatty Acid Desaturases......Page 1435
Chemistry of Protein Kinases and Dephosphorylases......Page 1442
Cytosolic Glycosylated Proteins, Chemistry of......Page 1450
Glycosylation of Proteins in the Golgi Apparatus......Page 1458
Glycosyltransferases, Chemistry of......Page 1473
Post-Translational Modifications to Regulate Protein Function......Page 1486
Molecular Chaperones......Page 1517
Protein Misfolding, Amyloid Formation......Page 1524
Intramembrane Proteolysis......Page 1532
Metalloproteinases, Biophysics and Chemistry of......Page 1545
Protease Inhibitors, Mechanisms of......Page 1556
Serine Protease and Serine Protease Inhibitors......Page 1568
Thrombin......Page 1576
Nucleobase Self-Assembly Codes, Constitutional Transcription of......Page 1581
Olfaction: Topics in Chemical Biology......Page 1592
Protein and DNA Thermostability, Physics and Evolution of......Page 1602
Symbiosis: Topics in Chemical Biology......Page 1613
Taste: Topics in Chemical Biology......Page 1626
Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics......Page 1638
Calcium Signaling: Encoding and Decoding......Page 1657
Chemical Molecules that Regulate Transcription and Facilitate Cell-to-Cell Communication......Page 1667
Extracellular Lipid Signals......Page 1678
Hormone Signaling......Page 1685
Inositol Phospholipids, Biosynthesis and Biological Functions of......Page 1695
Inositol Polyphosphates......Page 1701
Integrin Signaling, Bidirectional-Signaling of......Page 1713
Isoprostanes......Page 1726
Large G-Proteins......Page 1735
Mathematical Modeling of Biological Signaling Networks......Page 1744
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs): ERKs, JNKs, and p38s......Page 1753
Nitric Oxide, Biological Targets of......Page 1761
Nuclear Receptors, Chemistry of......Page 1769
Quorum Sensing......Page 1779
Ras Oncoproteins, Structure, Biochemistry, and Biology of......Page 1788
Signaling Networks in Biology......Page 1798
Attenuation, Control of Gene Expression by......Page 1811
Epigenetic Modifications......Page 1823
Pre-mRNA splicing......Page 1836
RNA Interference, Mechanisms and Proteins Involved in......Page 1846
Transcription Factors......Page 1856
Chemistry of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases\r......Page 1874
Translational Recoding\r......Page 1886
Chemical Libraries: Screening for Biologically Active Small Molecules......Page 1896
Cyclooxygenase Inhibition, Recent Advances in the Mechanisms of......Page 1907
Forward Chemical Genetics......Page 1915
Metallointercalators as Probes of DNA Recognition and Reactions......Page 1932
Phosphate Mimics, Cyclic Compounds as......Page 1944
Small Molecule Inhibitors, Design and Selection of......Page 1959
Small Molecules to Control Stem Cell Fates......Page 1972
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Biomolecules......Page 1980
Catalytic Antibodies: Past, Present, and Future......Page 1988
Enzymatic Synthesis of Carbohydrate-Containing Biomolecules......Page 2005
Key Strategies for Glycan Synthesis......Page 2027
Synthetic Sphingolipids as Bioactive Molecules: Roles in Regulation of Cell Function......Page 2039
In Vitro Selection and Application of Nucleic Acid Enzymes (Ribozymes and Deoxyribozymes)......Page 2064
Locked Nucleic Acids......Page 2081
Nucleosides in RNA, Modified......Page 2088
Peptide Nucleic Acids......Page 2102
Artificial Metalloproteins, Design and Engineering of......Page 2112
Click Peptides, Design and Applications of......Page 2122
Coupling Methods for Peptide Synthesis......Page 2127
Lipidated Peptide Synthesis......Page 2136
Peptide Combinatorial Libraries......Page 2147
Peptidomimetics......Page 2160
Synthetic Chemistry: Formation of the Amide Bond......Page 2172
Synthetic Peptides and Proteins to Elucidate Biological Function......Page 2189
Unnatural Amino Acids to Investigate Biologic Processes......Page 2200
Membrane Potentials in Living Systems, Tools to Measure\r......Page 2211
NMR-Based Metabolomics Technology in Biomarker Research\r......Page 2221
Combinatorial Libraries: Overview of Applications in Chemical Biology\r......Page 2234
Fluorescent Labeling and Fluorescent Spectroscopy: Overview of Applications in Chemical Biology\r......Page 2244
High Throughput Screening (HTS) Techniques: Overview of Applications in Chemical Biology\r......Page 2267
Microarrays in Chemical Biology\r......Page 2282
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy: Overview of Applications in Chemical Biology\r......Page 2293
Supported Lipid Bilayers: Development and Applications in Chemical Biology\r......Page 2317
Array-Based Techniques for Glycans\r......Page 2329
Glycan Sequencing and Data Integration for Glycomics\r......Page 2341
Differential Scanning Calorimetry to Study Lipids and Lipid Membranes\r......Page 2353
Lipidomics\r......Page 2365
NMR of Lipids\r......Page 2374
DNA Polymorphisms, Tools for Detection of\r......Page 2384
Fluorescence Techniques for Nucleic Acids\r......Page 2396
Transcript Profiling, Tools for\r......Page 2405
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Enzymology\r......Page 2415
Fluorescence Techniques for Proteins\r......Page 2426
Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) for Proteins\r......Page 2437
Mass Spectrometry, Applications in Phosphoproteomics\r......Page 2452
Membrane Protein Structure, Techniques to Study\r......Page 2459
NMR for Proteins\r......Page 2472
Two- and Three-Hybrid Systems\r......Page 2483
Computational Approaches in Drug Discovery and Development\r......Page 2497
Pharmacokinetics of Drug Candidates, Determination of\r......Page 2506