Understanding English Grammar

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
PART I: Introduction
	Chapter 1 The Study of Grammar: An Overview
		English: A World Language
		Three Definitions Of Grammar
		Traditional School Grammar
		Studying Grammar Today
		Language Variety and the Issue of Correctness
		Language Change
		Language in the Classroom
		Key Terms
		For Further Reading
PART II: The Grammar of Basic Sentences
	Chapter 2 Words and Phrases
		Chapter Preview
		The Open Classes
		Nouns and Verbs
		The Noun Phrase
		The Verb Phrase
		NP + VP = S
		Adjectives and Adverbs
		Prepositional Phrases
		The Closed Classes
		Classroom Applications
		Key Terms
	Chapter 3 Sentence Patterns
		Chapter Preview
		Subjects and Predicates
		Diagramming Sentences
		The Sentence Slots
		The Be Patterns
		The Linking Verb Patterns
		The Optional Slots
		The Intransitive Verb Pattern
		The Transitive Verb Patterns
		Compound Structures
		Exceptions to the Ten Sentence Patterns
		Sentence Types
		Interrogative Sentences (Questions)
		Imperative Sentences (Commands)
		Exclamative Sentences
		Punctuation and the Sentence Patterns
		Diagramming the Sentence Patterns
		Notes on the diagrams
		Key Terms
		Sentences for Practice
		Questions for discussion
		Classroom Applications
	Chapter 4 Expanding the Main Verb
		Chapter Preview
		The Five Verb Forms
		Auxiliary–Verb Combinations
		The Modal Auxiliaries
		The Future Tense
		Tense and Aspect
		Using the Verb Forms
		Exceptions to the Verb-Expansion Rule
		The Stand-in Auxiliary Do
		The Subjunctive Mood
		Key Terms
		Sentences for Practice
		Questions for Discussion
		Classroom Application
	Chapter 5 Changing Sentence Focus
		Chapter Preview
		The Passive Voice
		The Passive Voice in Prose
		The There Transformation
		Cleft Sentences
		Key Terms
		Sentences for Practice
		Questions for Discussion
		Classroom Applications
PART III: Expanding the Sentence
	Chapter 6 Modifiers of the Verb: Adverbials
		Form and Function
		Chapter Preview
		The Movable Adverbials
		Adverbs
		Prepositional Phrases
		Nouns and Noun Phrases
		Verb Phrases
		Clauses
		Punctuation of Adverbials
		Key Terms
		Sentences for Practice
		Questions for Discussion
		Classroom Application
	Chapter 7 Modifiers of the Noun: Adjectivals
		Chapter Preview
		The Determiner
		Adjectives and Nouns
		Prepositional Phrases
		Relative Clauses
		Participial Phrases
		Punctuation of Clauses and Participles
		Multiple Modifiers
		Other Postnoun Modifiers
		Key Terms
		Sentences for Practice
		Questions for Discussion
		Classroom Applications
	Chapter 8 The Noun Phrase Functions: Nominals
		Chapter Preview
		The Nominal Slots
		Appositives
		Noun Phrase Substitutes
		Gerunds
		Infinitives
		Nominal Clauses
		Nominals as Delayed Subjects
		Key Terms
		Sentences for Practice
		Questions for Discussion
		Classroom Applications
	Chapter 9 Sentence Modifiers
		Chapter Preview
		Nouns of Direct Address: The Vocatives
		Interjections
		Dependent Clauses as Sentence Modifiers
		Absolute Phrases
		Appositives
		Relative Clauses
		Key Terms
		Sentences for Practice
		Questions for Discussion
		Classroom Applications
	Chapter 10 Coordination
		Chapter Preview
		Coordination within the Sentence
		Coordinating Complete Sentences
		Key Terms
		Sentences for Practice
		Questions for Discussion
		Classroom Applications
PART IV: Words and Word Classes
	Chapter 11 Morphemes
		Chapter Preview
		Bases and Affixes
		Derivational and Inflectional Affixes
		Allomorphs
		Homonyms
		Compound Words
		Key Terms
		Questions for Discussion
		Classroom Applications
	Chapter 12 The Open Classes
		Chapter Preview
		Nouns
		Verbs
		Adjectives
		Adverbs
		Key Terms
		Questions for Discussion
		Classroom Applications
	Chapter 13 The Closed Classes
		Chapter Preview
		Determiners
		Auxiliaries
		Qualifiers
		Prepositions
		Conjunctions
		Interrogatives
		Expletives
		Particles
		Key Terms
		Questions for Discussion
		Classroom Application
	Chapter 14 Pronouns
		Chapter Preview
		Personal Pronouns
		Reflexive Pronouns
		intensive Pronouns
		Reciprocal Pronouns
		Demonstrative Pronouns
		Relative Pronouns
		Interrogative Pronouns
		Indefinite Pronouns
		Key Terms
		Questions for discussion
		Classroom Applications
PART V: Grammar for Writers
	Chapter 15 Rhetorical Grammar
		Chapter Preview
		Sentence Patterns
		Sentence Rhythm
		Focusing Tools
		Choosing Verbs
		The Missing Agent
		The Shifting Adverbials
		Metadiscourse
		Style
		Antithesis
		Using Gender Appropriately
		Key Terms
	Chapter 16 Purposeful Punctuation
		Chapter Preview
		Making Connections
		Separating Prenoun Modifiers
		identifying Essential and Nonessential Structures
		Signaling Sentence Openers
		Signaling Emphasis
		Using Apostrophes for Contraction and Possessive Case
		Classroom Application
PART VI: Glossary of Grammatical Terms
Appendix: Sentence Diagramming
Answers to the Exercises
Index
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	Y