radioglaciology

1: A Brief Survey of the Earth’s Ice Cover and Methods for its Investigation.- 1.1. The Geographical Distribution of Glaciers.- 1.2. Impact of Ice on Geophysical Processes.- 1.3. The Seismic Method.- 1.4. Gravitational and Magnetic Methods.- 1.5. Radar Sounding.- References: Chapter 1.- 2: Structure and Physical State of Glaciers.- 2.1. Internal Structure of Glaciers.- 2.2. Stratification and Temperature Regime of Glaciers.- 2.3. Glacier Regimen.- References: Chapter 2.- 3: Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Ice.- 3.1. Crystalline Structure of Ice.- 3.2. The Electrical Properties of Monocrystalline Ice.- 3.3. Values of the Electrical Parameters.- 3.4. Pure Polycrystalline Ice.- 3.5. Impure Polycrystalline Ice.- 3.6. Snow.- 3.7. Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Glaciers.- References: Chapter 3.- 4: Equipment for Radar Sounding of Glaciers.- 4.1. Analysis.- 4.2. Estimation of Sounding Accuracy.- 4.3. Equipment to Measure the Thickness of Cold Glaciers.- 4.4. Equipment to Measure the Thickness of Temperate Glaciers.- 4.5. Radars to Study Internal Structure and State.- 4.6. Radars for Ice Movement Measurements.- 4.7. Laser Technique.- 4.8. Equipment of U.S.A., Denmark, and Great Britain for Radar Sounding of Cold Glaciers.- 4.9. Equipment of U.S.A., Denmark, and Great Britain for Radar Sounding of Temperate Glaciers.- 4.10. Specialized Equipment.- References: Chapter 4.- 5: Methods of Acquisition and Processing of Data.- 5.1. Radioglaciological Data Recording.- 5.2. Digital and Photographic Recording of Radioglaciological Observations.- References: Chapter 5.- 6: Scientific Results in Radioglaciology.- 6.1. Direct Measurements of Permittivity and Conductivity.- 6.2. Electromagnetic Wave Speed and its Measurement.- 6.3. Lateral Waves.- 6.4. Absorption of Electromagnetic Waves.- 6.5. Polarization Studies.- 6.6. Ice Thickness and Subglacial Topography.- 6.7. Subglacial Physiography and Geology.- 6.8. Radar Sounding of Internal Layering.- 6.9. Movement of Glaciers.- 6.10. Nature of the Basal Interface.- 6.11. Detection of Hidden Crevasses.- 6.12. Estimation of Glacial Water Content.- References: Chapter 6.- Conclusion.