American foreign policy: the dynamics of choice in the 21st century

Cover......Page 1
Copyright......Page 4
Title Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 7
Lists of Maps, Boxes, Figures, and Tables......Page 17
Preface to the Fourth Edition......Page 21
PART I: The Context of U.S. Foreign Policy: Theory and History......Page 31
Introduction: Foreign Policy in a Time of Transition......Page 32
The Context of the International System......Page 36
The National Interest: The “4 Ps” Framework......Page 39
Dilemmas of Foreign Policy Choice: “4 Ps” Complementarity, Trade-offs, and Dissensus......Page 49
Summary......Page 54
Introduction: Dispelling the “Water’s Edge” Myth......Page 57
The President, Congress, and “Pennsylvania Avenue Diplomacy”......Page 59
Executive-Branch Politics......Page 71
Interest Groups and Their Influence......Page 79
The Impact of the News Media......Page 88
The Nature and Influence of Public Opinion......Page 92
Summary......Page 97
Introduction: “The Past Is Prologue”......Page 102
Brief Historical Chronology......Page 103
Great Debates over Foreign Policy Strategy......Page 113
Great Debates in Foreign Policy Politics......Page 133
Summary......Page 140
Introduction: “Present at the Creation”......Page 144
Peace: International Institutionalism and the United Nations......Page 146
Power: Nuclear Deterrence and Containment......Page 149
Principles: Ideological Bipolarity and the Third World “ABC” Approach......Page 160
Prosperity: Creation of the Liberal International Economic Order......Page 163
Foreign Policy Politics and the Cold War Consensus......Page 165
Summary......Page 176
Introduction: Turbulent Decades......Page 180
The Vietnam War: A Profound Foreign Policy Setback......Page 181
The Rise and Fall of Détente: Major Foreign Policy Shifts......Page 190
1970s Economic Shocks......Page 200
Reagan, Gorbachev, and the End of the Cold War......Page 207
Summary......Page 222
Readings for Part I: The Context of U.S. Foreign Policy: Theory and History......Page 227
1.1 Power: The Mainsprings of American Foreign Policy......Page 228
1.2 Peace: Governance in a Partially Globalized World......Page 232
1.3 Prosperity: The United States and World Economic Power......Page 237
1.4 Principles: The United States and the Global Struggle for Democracy: Early 1990s Perspective......Page 241
2.1 The President and Congress: What the Founding Fathers Intended......Page 246
2.2 Bureaucratic Politics: Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis......Page 251
2.3 Public Opinion: Public Opinion and Foreign Policy: Challenges to the Almond-Lippmann Consensus......Page 253
3.1 Internationalism: Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Coming of World War II......Page 261
3.2 Imperialism: The American “New Empire”......Page 269
4.1 Cold War Revisionist Critique: The American Conception of National Security and the Beginnings of the Cold War, 1945–48......Page 276
4.2 Nuclear Deterrence Doctrine: Strategy in the Missile Age......Page 283
4.3 The Sources of Containment: The Sources of Soviet Conduct......Page 289
5.1 Vietnam: Vietnam: The System Worked......Page 293
5.2 Détente: Détente: The Search for a “Constructive” Relationship......Page 297
5.3 The End of the Cold War: The Unexpected Ronald Reagan......Page 303
5.3 The End of the Cold War: The Soviet Union’s Crucial Role......Page 306
PART II: American Foreign Policy in the Twenty-First Century: Choices and Challenges......Page 309
Introduction: 11/9 and 9/11—Crumbling Wall and Crashing Towers......Page 310
Foreign Policy Strategy for a New Era......Page 311
Foreign Policy Politics: Diplomacy Begins at Home......Page 352
Summary......Page 364
7 Post–Cold War Geopolitics: Major Powers and Regions......Page 372
Major Powers Geopolitics......Page 373
Europe......Page 376
Asia......Page 398
Latin America......Page 413
Africa......Page 421
Foreign Policy Politics: A Case Study......Page 424
Summary......Page 429
Introduction: September 13, 1993, to September 11, 2001: From Hope to Tragedy......Page 435
Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm: The 1990–91 Persian Gulf War......Page 437
9/11 and the Bush War on Terrorism......Page 439
The Iraq War......Page 449
Key Issues and Initial Obama Strategies......Page 465
The Arab-Israeli Conflict......Page 478
Foreign Policy Politics: Terrorism and the Iraq War......Page 486
Summary......Page 502
Introduction: Success and Failure, Hope and Despair......Page 510
Is the U.S. National Interest at Stake?......Page 513
What Are the Driving Forces of Wars of Identity?......Page 517
What about National Sovereignty?......Page 519
Which Types of Preventive Diplomacy Strategies Can Be Most Effective?......Page 523
When Should Military Force Be Used?......Page 526
Who Decides on Military Intervention?......Page 532
How to End Conflicts and Build Peace?......Page 533
Darfur: “Yet Again”......Page 540
Foreign Policy Politics Case Study: War Powers, Public Opinion, and Humanitarian Intervention......Page 545
Summary......Page 550
Introduction: American Foreign Policy in an Era of Globalization......Page 558
The Globalization Debate......Page 559
International Trade......Page 570
International Finance......Page 576
Global Poverty and Sustainable Development......Page 581
Global Public Health......Page 593
Global Environmental Issues......Page 598
Foreign Policy Politics: The New Politics of Globalization and the Old Politics of Trade......Page 607
Summary......Page 614
Introduction: Democracy and the U.S. National Interest......Page 620
Global Democracy and Human Rights: Status and Prospects......Page 623
Principles and Peace: The Democratic Peace Debate......Page 634
Principles and Power: Tensions and Trade-Offs......Page 639
Principles and Prosperity: The Economic Sanctions Debate......Page 647
Policy Strategies for Promoting Democracy and Protecting Human Rights......Page 650
Foreign Policy Politics: Economic Sanctions and the South Africa Case......Page 663
Summary......Page 666
Readings for Part II: American Foreign Policy in the Twenty-First Century: Choices and Challenges......Page 673
6.1 Unilateralism: The Unipolar Moment Revisited......Page 674
6.2 The United Nations: “We the Peoples”......Page 679
7.1 America as the World’s Government: The Case for Goliath......Page 686
7.2 Superpower—But Can’t Go it Alone: The Paradox of American Power......Page 689
8.1 Doctrine on Pre-Emption: Pre-Emption and National Security Strategy......Page 693
8.2 Bush Doctrine Critique: America’s Imperial Ambition......Page 695
8.3 A Global Strategy against Terrorism: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States......Page 699
9.1 The Responsibility to Protect: The Case for Humanitarian Intervention......Page 702
9.2 From “Yet Again” to “Never Again: ” Preventing Genocide: A Blueprint for U.S. Policymakers......Page 705
9.3 The Media and Foreign Policy: The Media and U.S. Policies Toward Intervention: A Closer Look at the “CNN Effect”......Page 707
10.1 The Global AIDS Crisis: Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic......Page 715
10.2 The Planetary Emergency of Global Warming: An Inconvenient Truth......Page 720
10.3 Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, NGOs: Transnational Networks in International Politics: An Introduction......Page 723
11.1 The Triumph of Democracy: The End of History?......Page 732
11.2 Ongoing Threats to Democracy: The Clash of Civilizations?......Page 736
11.3 Democratic Peace?: Democratization and the Danger of War......Page 743
Credits......Page 751
Glossary......Page 755
Index......Page 773