Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants: Chemistry and Technology

Fluids
Polyalphaolefins 
Leslie R. Rudnick
Polyinternalolefins 
Francesca Navarrini, Massimo Ciali, and Roscoe Cooley
Esters 
Stephen Boyde and Steven James Randles
Neutral Phosphate Esters 
W. David Phillips, Douglas C. Placek, and Michael P. Marino
Polymer Esters 
Uwe Wallfahrer
Polyalkylene Glycols 
Martin R. Greaves
Alkylated Aromatics 
Margaret M. Wu and Suzzy C. Ho
Polyphenyl Ether Lubricants 
Sibtain Hamid and Stephen A. Burian
Cyclohydrocarbons 
Sibtain Hamid
Perfluoroalkylpolyethers 
H. Carl Walther, Gregory A. Bell, and Jon L. Howell
Polychlorotrifluoroethylene 
Ronald M. Epstein and Louis L. Ferstandig
Silicones 
Robert Perry, Clay Quinn, Frank Traver, and Kedar Murthy
Silahydrocarbons 
Carl E. Snyder and F. Alexander Pettigrew
Phosphazenes 
Robert E. Singler and Frank J. Gomba
Dialkyl Carbonates 
Leslie R. Rudnick and Carlo Zecchini
Alkylcyclopentanes 
Clifford G. Venier
Polybutenes 
Maryann Casserino and Johan Corthouts
Chemically Modified Mineral Oils 
H. Ernest Henderson
Gas to Liquids 
H. Ernest Henderson
Comparison of Synthetic, Mineral Oil, and Bio-Based Lubricant Fluids 
Leslie R. Rudnick and Wilfried J. Bartz
Re-Refined Base Oils 
H. Ernest Henderson

Bio-Based Lubricants
Natural Oils as Lubricants 
Joseph M. Perez, Leslie R. Rudnick, and Sevim Z. Erhan
Modified Vegetable Oils for Environmentally Friendly Lubricant Applications 
Brajendra K. Sharma and Sevim Z. Erhan
Biotechnological Improvement of Soybean Oil for Lubricant Applications 
Peng Wang, Xiangjun Li, and Edgar B. Cahoon

Applications
Automotive Crankcase Oils 
Stephen C. Lakes
Crankcase Lubricants 
Ewa A. Bardasz
Transmissions and Transmission Fluids 
Scott Halley and Richard Vickerman
Automotive Gear Lubricants 
Stephen C. Lakes
Industrial Gear Lubricants 
Dennis A. Lauer
Synthetic Greases 
Joseph F. Braza
Compressors and Pumps 
Glenn D. Short
Refrigeration Lubricants 
Steven James Randles
Hydraulics 
Ramesh Iyer, Thomas Schimmel, and Douglas C. Placek
Environmentally Friendly Hydraulic Fluids 
Saurabh Lawate
Magnetizable Fluids 
Tom Black, J. David Carlson, and Daniel E. Barber
Vegetable Oil Based Internal Combustion Engine Oil 
Blaine N. Rhodes
Fire Resistance and Fire-Resistant Hydraulic Fluids 
W. David Phillips
Metalworking Fluids 
William L. Brown and Richard G. Butler
Lubricants for Near Dry Machining 
Robert Silverstein
Lubricants for the Disk Drive Industry 
Thomas E. Karis
Food-Grade Lubricants 
Sarah C. Krol, Brad Lampe, Clifton J. McLellan, and Leslie R. Rudnick
Critical Cleaning of Advanced Lubricants from Surfaces 
Ronald L. Shubkin, Barbara F. Kanegsberg, and Ed Kanegsberg
Sintered Metal Bearings and Fluids for Their Lubrication 
Jim Aielo, Norb Arnold, and Leslie R. Rudnick
Natural Gas Engine Oils 
H. Ernest Henderson and Tony LeBarge
Natural and Process Compressors 
Glenn D. Short

Trends
Automotive Trends in Europe 
R. David Whitby
Diesel Automotive Trends 
Ewa A. Bardasz
Automotive Trends in Asia 
R. David Whitby
Automotive Trends in South America 
R. David Whitby
Automotive Engine Oil Trends in North America 
Simon C. Tung, Michael L. McMillan, and Shirley E. Schwartz
Trends toward Synthetic Fluids and Lubricants in Aerospace 
Carl E. Snyder and Lois J. Gschwender
Commercial Developments 
R. David Whitby
Lubricant Performance Test Methods and Some Product Specifications 
Leslie R. Rudnick
Lubricant Industry–Related Terms and Acronyms 
Leslie R. Rudnick
Internet Resources for the Additive/Lubricant Industry 
Leslie R. Rudnick

Appendix A: Grease Compatibility Chart 
Appendix B: Color Scale Comparison Chart 
Appendix C: ISO Viscosity Ranges 
Appendix D: The Meaning of "Synthetic"