Micro Transport Phenomena During Boiling

Cover......Page 1
Micro Transport\rPhenomena During Boiling......Page 4
ISBN 9783642134531......Page 5
About Author......Page 7
Preface......Page 9
Table of Contents......Page 11
1.1 Critical Technology......Page 17
1.2 History and Trends of Boiling......Page 18
1.3 Micro Boiling......Page 19
References......Page 20
2.1 Phase and Phase Equilibrium......Page 22
2.2 Phase Transition......Page 25
2.3 Interfacial Aspects......Page 28
2.4.1 Contact Angle at Equilibrium......Page 32
2.4.2 Contact Angle Hysteresis......Page 33
2.4.3 Dynamical Contact Angle......Page 35
2.5.2 Number Balance of Activated Molecules in a Cluster......Page 37
2.5.3 Cluster Evolution with Internal Perturbations......Page 40
2.5.4 Cluster Evolution with External Perturbations......Page 41
References......Page 42
3 Boiling Nucleation......Page 44
3.1.2 Self-Aggregation......Page 45
3.1.3 Aggregate Formation......Page 47
3.1.4 Critical Aggregation Concentration......Page 49
3.1.5 Infinite Aggregation Formation......Page 50
3.1.6 Physical Configuration of Nucleus Formation......Page 51
3.2.1 Nucleus Structure Evolution......Page 52
3.2.2 Interfacial Tension of a Nucleus......Page 53
3.2.3 Modification of Nucleation Rate......Page 54
3.3.1 Liquid Behavior near a Heated Wall......Page 55
3.3.2 Nucleation Position......Page 58
3.3.3 Embryo Bubble Evolution......Page 60
3.4.1 Description of Heterogeneous Nucleation......Page 62
3.4.2 Nucleation with One Barrier......Page 66
3.4.3 Heterogeneous Nucleation with Two Barriers......Page 70
References......Page 75
4 Jet Flow Phenomena......Page 76
4.1.1 Boiling on a Plate Heater......Page 77
4.1.2 Boiling on Small Wires......Page 80
4.2.1 General Features......Page 85
4.2.2 Jet Structure......Page 86
4.2.3 Multi Bubble-Top Jet Flow......Page 87
4.3.1 Jet Flow Evolution......Page 88
4.3.2 Competition and Self-Organization of Jet Flows......Page 91
4.4.1 Governing Equations......Page 94
4.4.2 Fundamental Considerations......Page 95
4.5.1 Jet Flow Driving Force and Pumping Effect......Page 96
4.5.2 Jet Flow Bifurcation Phenomenon......Page 98
4.6.1 Temperature Evolution......Page 101
4.6.2 Temperature Evolution on Bubble Interface......Page 104
4.6.3 Flow Evolution......Page 105
References......Page 107
5 Bubble Dynamics on Fine Wires......Page 108
5.1.1 Bubble Sweeping......Page 109
2. Bubble Collision......Page 111
3. Bubble Coalescence......Page 112
5.1.3 Bubble Oscillation Phenomena......Page 113
1. Bubble Leaping at a Fixed Location......Page 115
2. Bubble Leaping with Sweeping......Page 116
5.2.1 Thermocapillary Force......Page 118
5.2.2 Force Caused by Bubble Motion......Page 120
5.2.3 Dynamic Equation......Page 123
5.3.1 Single Bubble Sweeping......Page 124
5.3.2 Bubble Separation from an Immobile Bubble......Page 125
5.3.3 Separation of Two Equivalent Moving Bubbles......Page 129
5.3.4 Separation of Two Non-Equivalent Bubbles......Page 130
5.4.1 Collision with an Immobile Bubble......Page 131
5.4.2 Collision of Two Equivalent Bubbles......Page 133
5.4.3 Bubble Coalescence......Page 134
5.5.1 Temperature Profile of a Two Immobile Bubbles System......Page 135
5.5.2 Bubble Oscillation Characteristics......Page 136
(1) Oscillation with Positive Effectual Viscosity......Page 138
(2) Oscillation with Negative Effective Viscosity......Page 139
5.5.4 Coupling Bubble Oscillation......Page 140
5.6.1 Dynamical Description......Page 142
5.6.2 Simple Leaping Dynamics......Page 144
References......Page 147
6 Boiling in Micrchannels......Page 149
6.1.1 General Behavior......Page 150
6.1.2 Nucleation Superheat......Page 151
6.1.3 Experimental Phenomena......Page 153
6.2.1 Evaporating Space and Fictitious Boiling......Page 154
6.2.2 Thermodynamic Evidence......Page 155
6.2.3 Cluster Dynamical Evidence......Page 157
6.3.1 Thermodynamic Analysis......Page 159
6.3.2 Statistical Mechanics Approach......Page 161
6.3.3 Dynamic Model......Page 165
6.4.1 Bubble Evolution Dynamics near Critical Radius......Page 167
6.4.2 Nucleation in Confined Space......Page 170
6.5.1 Experiments......Page 174
6.5.2 Phase Change Behavior......Page 175
6.6.1 Periodic Feature......Page 176
6.6.2 Evaporating Interface......Page 179
6.6.3 Condensing Interface......Page 183
References......Page 188
7 Boiling in Droplets......Page 191
7.1.1 Experimental Observations......Page 192
7.1.2 Oscillatory Behavior......Page 195
7.1.3 Physical Understanding......Page 197
1. Inside Droplet......Page 200
2. Outside Droplet......Page 203
7.3.1 Experimental Description......Page 204
7.3.2 Restricted Cyclical Phase Change......Page 206
7.3.3 Single-Bubble Cyclical Phase Change......Page 207
7.3.4 Metastable Cyclical Phase Change......Page 209
7.4.1 Phenomenon Observations......Page 210
7.4.2 Influencial Factors......Page 211
7.4.3 Spread Area and Spread Speed......Page 213
7.4.4 Heat Fluxes......Page 215
References......Page 216
8 Boiling in Micro-Structures and Porous Media......Page 217
8.1.1 Test Apparatus......Page 218
8.1.2 Low Applied Heat Flux......Page 219
8.1.4 High Applied Heat Flux......Page 223
8.2.1 Boiling Process......Page 224
8.2.2 Static Description of Primary Bubble Interface......Page 226
8.2.3 Comparison of Results......Page 228
8.3.1 Replenishing Liquid Flow......Page 230
8.3.2 Dynamic Behavior of Bubble Interface......Page 232
8.3.3 Interfacial Heat and Mass Transfer at Pore-Level......Page 235
8.4.1 Introduction......Page 238
8.4.2 Discrete Rising Bubble......Page 239
8.4.3 Bubble Departure Interference......Page 241
8.5.1 Lateral Bubble Coalescence and Local Vapor Patch Formation......Page 242
8.5.2 Dryout......Page 243
8.5.3 Discussion and Comparison......Page 244
References......Page 247
9 Explosive Boiling......Page 249
9.1.1 Visual Observation Test......Page 250
9.1.2 Jet Flow in/from Mini Tubes......Page 252
9.1.3 Exploding Emission from Micro Tubes......Page 255
9.2 Temperature Behavior During Emitting......Page 257
9.3.2 Critical Emitting Heat Flux......Page 260
9.3.3 Asymmetrical Effect......Page 263
References......Page 265
Index......Page 266
Postscript......Page 270