The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, Third Edition: Biomedical Engineering Fundamentals

Introduction and Preface......Page 8
Editor-in-Chief......Page 14
Contributors......Page 16
Contents......Page 22
1.  An Outline of Cardiovascular Structure and Function......Page 30
2.  Endocrine System......Page 42
3.  Nervous System......Page 56
4.  Vision System......Page 70
5.  Auditory System......Page 80
6.  Gastrointestinal System......Page 98
7.  Respiratory System......Page 114
8.  Modeling Strategies and Cardiovascular Dynamics......Page 136
9.  Compartmental Models of Physiologic Systems......Page 164
10.  Cardiovascular Models and Control......Page 178
11.  Respiratory Models and Control......Page 198
12.  Neural Networks for Physiological Control......Page 218
13.  Methods and Tools for Identification of Physiologic Systems......Page 228
14.  Autoregulating Windkessel Dynamics May Cause Low Frequency Oscillations......Page 244
15.  External Control of Movements......Page 258
16.  The Fast Eye Movement Control System......Page 280
17.  A Comparative Approach to Analysis and Modeling of Cardiovascular Function......Page 302
18.  Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Biomedical and Biophysical Analyses......Page 314
19.  Basic Electrophysiology......Page 336
20.  Volume Conductor Theory......Page 354
21.  The Electrical Conductivity of Tissues......Page 362
22.  Membrane Models......Page 376
23.  Computational Methods and Software for Bioelectric Field Problems......Page 400
24.  Principles of Electrocardiography......Page 424
25.  Principles of Electromyography......Page 436
26.  Principles of Electroencephalography......Page 446
27.  Biomagnetism......Page 458
28.  Electrical Stimulation of Excitable Systems......Page 474
29.  History and Overview of Neural Engineering......Page 500
30.  Electrical Stimulation of the Central Nervous System......Page 520
31.  Transcutaneous FES for Ambulation: The Parastep System......Page 536
32.  Comparing Electrodes for Use as Cortical Control Signals: Tiny Tines, Tiny Wires, or Tiny Cones on Wires: Which Is Best?......Page 556
33.  Development of a Multi-Functional 22-Channel Functional Electrical Stimulator for Paraplegia......Page 570
34.  An Implantable Bionic Network of Injectable Neural Prosthetic Devices: The Future Platform for Functional Electrical Stimulation and Sensing to Restore Movement and Sensation......Page 582
35.  Visual Prostheses......Page 600
36.  Interfering with the Genesis and Propagation of Epileptic Seizures by Neuromodulation......Page 606
37.  Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Deep Brain Regions......Page 618
38.  Metallic Biomaterials......Page 652
39.  Ceramic Biomaterials......Page 674
40.  Polymeric Biomaterials......Page 708
41.  Composite Biomaterials......Page 732
42.  Biodegradable Polymeric Biomaterials: An Updated Overview......Page 746
43.  Biologic Biomaterials: Tissue-Derived Biomaterials (Collagen)......Page 768
44.  Soft Tissue Replacements......Page 792
45.  Hard Tissue Replacements......Page 822
46.  Controlling and Assessing Cell–Biomaterial Interactions at the Micro- and Nanoscale: Applications in Tissue Engineering......Page 858
47.  Mechanics of Hard Tissue......Page 876
48.  Musculoskeletal Soft Tissue Mechanics......Page 896
49.  Joint-Articulating Surface Motion......Page 910
50.  Joint Lubrication......Page 948
51.  Analysis of Gait......Page 974
52.  Mechanics of Head/Neck......Page 988
53.  Biomechanics of Chest and Abdomen Impact......Page 1000
54.  Cardiac Biomechanics......Page 1014
55.  Heart Valve Dynamics......Page 1042
56.  Arterial Macrocirculatory Hemodynamics......Page 1058
57.  Mechanics of Blood Vessels......Page 1068
58.  The Venous System......Page 1082
59.  Mechanics, Molecular Transport, and Regulation in the Microcirculation......Page 1088
60.  Mechanics and Deformability of Hematocytes......Page 1102
61.  Mechanics of Tissue/Lymphatic Transport......Page 1116
62.  Modeling in Cellular Biomechanics......Page 1132
63.  Cochlear Mechanics......Page 1148
64.  Vestibular Mechanics......Page 1164
65.  Exercise Physiology......Page 1180
66.  Factors Affecting Mechanical Work in Humans......Page 1190
67.  Rehabilitation Engineering, Science, and Technology......Page 1204
68.  Orthopedic Prosthetics and Orthotics in Rehabilitation......Page 1212
69.  Wheeled Mobility: Wheelchairs and Personal Transportation......Page 1228
70.  Externally Powered and Controlled Orthoses and Prostheses......Page 1244
71.  Sensory Augmentation and Substitution......Page 1264
72.  Augmentative and Alternative Communication......Page 1274
73.  Measurement Tools and Processes in Rehabilitation Engineering......Page 1284
74.  Rehabilitation Engineering Technologies: Principles of Application......Page 1300
75.  The Elemental Resource Model for Human Performance......Page 1314
76.  Measurement of Neuromuscular Performance Capacities......Page 1334
77.  Measurement of Sensory-Motor Control Performance Capacities: Tracking Tasks......Page 1358
78.  Measurement of Information-Processing Subsystem PerformanceCapacities......Page 1384
79.  High-Level Task Analysis: Cognitive Components......Page 1398
80.  Task Analysis and Decomposition: Physical Components......Page 1418
81.  Human–Computer Interaction Design......Page 1434
82.  Applications of Human Performance Measurements to Clinical Trials to Determine Therapy Effectiveness and Safety......Page 1448
83.  Applications of Quantitative Assessment of Human Performance in Occupational Medicine......Page 1464
84.  Human Performance Engineering Design and Analysis Tools......Page 1482
85.  Human Performance Engineering: Challenges and Prospects for the Future......Page 1498
86.  Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, and Medical Technology......Page 1510
87.  Ethical Issues Related to Clinical Research......Page 1518
Index......Page 1524